| Minimum DSCR | 1.0 to 1.25; some lenders allow 0.75 or no-ratio with more down | A $1,800 rent against a $1,650 full payment is a 1.09 |
| Down payment (purchase) | 20% to 25% | Higher DSCR and credit score push toward 20% |
| Cash-out refinance | Up to 70% to 75% of value | Pull equity from a paid-off East Campus house to buy the next one |
| Credit score | Commonly 660 to 680 minimum; pricing improves at 720 and 740 | Soft pull first, so we know the tier before choosing the lender |
| Income and employment docs | None | No tax returns, W-2s, or pay stubs |
| Rent documentation | Current lease, or appraiser's rent schedule (Form 1007 or 1025) | August leases signed in the fall count as leases in place |
| Vesting | Individual or LLC | Most Columbia investors close in the LLC that already holds their other rentals |
| Property types | 1 to 4 units; some lenders to 8 units; condos and townhomes | Non-warrantable condos accepted by some DSCR lenders |
| Reserves | Typically 3 to 6 months of the payment | Can often be met with retirement or business accounts |
| Prepayment penalty | Common for 1 to 5 years; no-penalty options exist at a pricing cost | We match the penalty term to your hold plan |
| First-time investors | Allowed by many lenders; some require a primary residence or prior landlord history | Parents buying a first rental for a student are placed with those lenders |